news details |
|
|
| Gold-Plated Diplomacy Played by Jinnah against Kalat-I | | | A N Bharadwaj | 10/9/2015 12:18:09 AM |
| Kalat State is situated in the biggest province of Pakistan, rich in mineral resources. The belief of its people is being the descendants of Khalifa Hazrat Imam Ali, who with his son Hazrat Imam Husain had confronted against Yazad at Karbala war in 680 AD. Thereafter, as per legends the martyrdom of Imam Husain, they had migrated frustratingly and wandered across Persia till they eventually settled down in Baluchistan with their regional identity, which was being ruled by Mir Chakar Rind under leaders of various tribes of that Baluch territory till 1511 AD. Afterwards, Nasir Ahmed Khan 1 developed Kalat by expanding its boundaries and ruled up to 1785 to 1795 AD, who was a great warrior and faced the challenge posed by Afghans with the help of Ahmed Shah Durani but they were repulsed and recognized his sovereignty which he had over Baluchistan and came to turn for its common cause. Apart from it, he gave a good fight alongside Durani at Panipat and established his paramountcy. In the meanwhile, the political influence of British imperialism started increasing and crossed Indus, which forced khan of Kalat to bow down to its terms and conditions in 1837 AD, under the compulsion of political circumstances, Kalat ruler helplessly agreed to accept the subjugating treaty that made in 1841 AD between Khan of Kalat and British Crown, to restrain for further border expansion. In continuation to that treaty, one more treaty to decide the territorial interference was made in 1876 AD, wherein British Crown recognized the sovereignty of Khan over Kalat State along with the boundaries defined in it, subject to the right of stationing British troops and a Political Agent in his State in exchange for the grant of the usual subsidies, further one more, by another treaty made in 1882 AD. Quetta and other parts of Kalat were ceded in perpetuity to the British Crown for opening of the office for the Chief Comm-issioner's Province in British Baluchistan as well as opening of Bolan-Chaman railway purpose. In spite of these treaties, the British Crown by following the cheating tactics expanded its territorial interest step by step and spread its wings in the whole of Baluchistan and started its rule under Indian Panel Code by passing their customary and traditional system with their tribal judicial rule of Jiggers, but the leaders of these Jirgas had never accepted the Indian panel code. But in spite of manifestative division of Baluchistan vide treaties, even then brewing bickering on political issues had been continuing. In the light of treaties, Khan was strict as monoliths to keep his sovereign identity as an independent ruler of Kalat vide treaties made between British Crown and Khan of Kalat. In the meanwhile, the British India was portioned into two parts. The political fate of Kalat State had gone to new born Pak-rulers. In a new developing political scenario, Khan had in assumption of being a Ruler of Kalat and acknowledged royal leader as well as symbol of Baluch people He was not aware about the political character of the new rulers of Pakistan. Afterwards, in 1970 AD, during the rule of Pak-dictator Yahya Khan, Baluchistan was granted a provincial status with the condition to keep itself aloof from any political development of its neighbor side. The territorial sovereignty of Khan of Kalat was recognized by Pak Government on the basis of treaties made with British Crown and it encouraged for developing his administrative ethos based on traditional tribal practices, but in the territory of British Baluchistan modern rule was applied for its administration.
The efforts were exerted to keep Baluchis at bay from independence movement started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 at the cost of their blood, but they could not have remained aloof and the freedom banner under the leadership of Abdul Ghaffar Khan was raised in support of the freedom movement in non-violent manner against British regime. The Anjuman-e-Watan was established in British Baluchistan, with luminous Gul Khan Nasar, Yusuf Ali Khan Magsi, Abdul Aziz Kurd, Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai and Mir Ghaus Baksh Bizenjo, who inspired the Baluch people for that movement, and got it affiliated with all India States Peoples' Conference. In the meanwhile All India Muslim League headed by M A Jinnah entered in British Baluchistan to implement its agenda to counter the national movement with the co-operation of influential leaders Qazi Mohd. Issa and Nabi Baksh Zehri. They made a strategy to woo Khan of Kalat by alluring to grant provincial autonomy for Baluchistan. They tried to hypnotize the ruler by alluring other options, but no temptation reacted him and remained strict to retain his sovereignty recognized through treaties for which two countries are under obligation to go by their bindings. At that time, there was no Legislative Assembly neither in British Baluchistan nor in Kalat State, but there were various Jirgas which ruled their people according to their tribal traditions. By looking into the developing change in political horizon due to emerging Pakistan, a meeting headed by Shahi Jirga was convened to form opinion for the political future of Kalat. There was decided under popular leadership of Baluch Gandhi Abdul Samad Khan Achakzar and Mir Ghaus Bakash Bizenjo leaders of Anjuman-e-Watan Party to revert sovereignty to Khan of Kalat which British Crown had over it vide treaty, and Pak-rulers may go ahead to make a new treaty with Khan of Kalat on the basis of his sovereignty as recognized by British Crown. In the meanwhile, a letter was written by Lord Mount Batten in the capacity of Viceroy on 11th August 1947 to Khan of Kalat with acknowledgement and support of Jinnah, which appeared to have arisen the Kalat ruler an impression that he was being offered the right to independence subject to his having special relationship with Pak-ruling leaders. The Khan of Kalat, thus the day after emerging Pakistan, initiated to process for future Kalat-Pak relationship treaty, affirming the sovereignty of Kalat, but that was spurned away by Jinnah treating it a useless misadventure which generated the atmosphere of bickering, discontentment, unpleasantness, and retaliation against Pak-ruling leaders. In new developing situation, the Khan of Kalat convened a session of the Bicameral Legislative Assembly to discuss the Pak-negative attitude appeared in the letter referred to above, which was produced in the assembly and heating discussion were made, wherein patriotic speech of Mir Ghaus Baksh Bizenjo inspired the members. He said that they had distinct culture and tribal peculiar traditions along with rich natural resources and was necessary to retain intact; mere on argument of being Muslims, therefore they were supposed to merge with Pakistan, and on that ground the domain of Afghanistan and Iran should also have in the ambit of Pakistan. They were not dependent in the light of natural resources, but Pakistan was dependent as it had no sources for economical developments, therefore they were not willing to merge with Pakistan. They would not deceive to their people and become culpable of the crime of taking their Baluch people into non-baluch territory. He further said that if Pak-had desire to treat them as citizens of a sovereign country, in that situation they were ready to extend their friendship, and if it did not regard their aspirations to abide by its assurance given to them and remained reluctant to take the treaties into account, in that event every Baluch would fight for his freedom. He concluded his historic speech with determination to remain strict for sovereign status, pledged in one voice for independent Kalat with the treaty, which was conveyed to Pak-Government in 1948, and adjourned the both houses sine die. These developments of incipient threat to developments on the issue of sovereignty had been observed mutely by Pak-rulers, especially Muslim League President Jinnah. In retaliation, Pak-rulers headed by Jinnah hatched a splitting strategy to divide Baluch unity by alluring in the shape of political interest to isolate Khan of Kalat to reduce his popularity which he had among the Bulochis, and a ticklish diplomacy was played by Jinnah to reinforce his political interest by exciting the forgotten Nawabs of Kharsan, Makran and the Jam Sahib of Lasbala for their claim agitated to renew their outdated dead claim to recognize them to a status of equality with Khan of Kalat on the basis of British Crown's decision of 1939 to term these Nawabs Wallyian-e-Riasat (Ruler of State) to distinguish them from the common of garden Sirdar. Jinnah simultaneously started to negotiate terms and conditions with these puppet Nawabs for granting some powers of sovereignty with the main purpose to put Khan behind the political scene and merge their estates with Pakistan. Jinnah wanted to encircle Kalat State in land locked mountainous fortress surrounded by Pak-boundaries to make it dependable. In the meanwhile the chaos and disability prevailed in Pakistan due to rumors on accession of Kalat to India, resulting in Jinnah in confused manner instructed Mir Nabi Baksh Zehri and Abdul Karim Khan Kansi to contact Khan of Kalat to settle the merger terms at any cost virtually at pistol point. The capitulated Khan in high intimidating situation having no other alternative signed both an Instrument of Accession and the Standstill agreement helplessly. Afterwards, an aggressive conspiracy was hatched by Jinnah headed rulers against Khan to get his State merged to Pakistan. The coercive measures applied by them to bow down him according to their terms and conditions retaliated to his younger brother prince Agha Abdul Karim Khan along with his other Jirga leaders, raised the banner of revolt against them and started an agitation against their deceiving commitment. After unilateral process of accession made under the shadow of swords, the Pak-forces intruded in his Kalat State on the dead bodies of Bulochis as a aggressive hero. That national agitation was crushed brutally by committing en masse killings and bloody assaults. There after spilling river of human blood, these Jinnah headed new-born rulers attempted to woo Baluch leaders and tried to bring into their political system; but their efforts could not yield any fruits. They reiterated their known stand about their Kalat State in a meeting convened in 1958 at Karachi by aggressor Jinnah headed Pak-rulers and protested further encroachment upon to corporate the buloch speaking Dhera Ghazi Khan along with other adjoining territory which was taken as a challenge by them resulting in dismissing of Provincial Government and imposing martial law in 1958 declared by the dictator Iskander Mirza to chock their voice who had been demanding for the release of his brother Khan of Kalat and other leaders as well as restore sovereignty for their State. He declared in the mammoth meeting that they would not take rest until and unless the Stand Still and accession agreements made with pistol point against the aspirations of Baluchis were not cancelled. The Buloch leaders belonging to different Jirgas under Ali Mohd. Mengal took the banner of revolt against Jinnah headed leadership, but that too was suppressed brutally, especially Nauroze khan Zehri along with other leaders were arrested under treason and hanged his son and son-in-law along with five other Buloch leaders mercilessly in Hyderabad prison who laid down their lives for Buloch cause.
To be cont..... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
STOCK UPDATE |
|
|
 |
| BSE
Sensex |
 |
| NSE
Nifty |
|
|
| |
CRICKET UPDATE |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
