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| EINSTEIN, A LEGEND IN SCIENCE | | | D.R. Bhagat | 3/13/2011 11:00:11 PM |
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On 07th of Nov. 1919, the world woke up with the news headlines in newspapers in London “Revolution in Science, The new theory of universe, Newtonian ideas over thrown”. The Royal Society of London had announced as confirmed the gravitational bending of light which was one of the predictions of Einstein’s General Theory of Relatively. This was on the basis of outcome of the studies of total Eclipse occurred on 29th May 1919.
Born on 14th of March 1919 in Ulm Germany Einstein was not considered as a brilliant student during his early school days. He was once asked by his teacher to leave the class as he was causing indiscipline. Once called by his mathematics teacher as a lazy dog and also once failed entrance test to get admission in Polytechnic College. He was later known as the greatest scientist of the 20th Century. He was the noble prize winner in Physics and was named as the person of the century by the times Magazines leaving behind Lenin and Mahatma Gandhi on second and third Place respectively.
Within two months of his birth his family moved to Munich where is father started his business. His schooling was also started there where he passed his matriculation examination observing decline in business his father moved to Italy in 1894.
In 1895 he took entrance examination in Swiss Federal Institute of Technology but failed. Later he took admission in a Swiss School in Zurich. The atmosphere here was quite favorable for studies. By this time he had developed interest in mathematics and physics. He graduated from this school at this school he got acquainted with a Serbian Women Mileva Maric who was his classmate. Later he married her in 1903 inspite of resistance of his parents. He then tried for a teaching job in the university but failed. Later he got a job as a clerk in patent office in Bern that too with the help of his friend’s father.
During spare time in the office he used to study scientific papers and books which gave new ideas in his mind. It was in the year, 1905 that a storm of Revolutionary thoughts in Sciences broke in his mind. He gave five papers one after the other which were published in the scientific journal in the same year. These papers were as under:
i) “On a Heuristic view point concerning the production and transformation of light. This paper affirmed the existence of light quantum and also explained firmly the photo electric effect.
ii) The second paper was on the motion of small particles suspended in liquid at rest. This paper explained the Brownian motion and also proved the Atomic hypothesis given by Dalton.
iii) The third paper was on the Electrodynamics of moving Bodies’. This paper was the most important which gave the foundation of special theory of relativity.
iv) The fourth paper was regarding mass and energy of a body. The mass and energy was shown to be interchangeable and discovered the famous formula E=MC2 where E is the energy, m the mass and c the velocity of light. This formula was the basis for atomic energy which also gave birth to Atomic Bomb.
v) The fifth paper was ‘A new determination of Molecule Dimensions.” This paper confirmed the kinetic theory of Heat. This paper was also submitted to the University of Zurich for which he was awarded the Doctorate Degree.
In the classical physics of Newton, space, time, mass and energy were considered as absolute but Einstein’s theory of relativity confirmed that they are not absolute but dependent on each other. The length of a moving train appears to be contracted by the observer standing on the platform while the length of the platform appears to be contracted by the observer sitting in the moving train. Similarly the mass of a body decreases when it is in motion.
The married life of Einstein was not so happy. After a period of time his relations was his wife become strained. They reached to such an extent that his wife Mileva filed a divorce suit in a Zurich Court. She charged her husband with adultery. In Feb. 1919 the Court awarded the divorce decree and pronounced that both the sons will remain with their mother and Einstein has to bear the expenses of their education. One unique announcement made by the court was that if anytime in future Einstein gets the noble prize the amount of prize shall be transferred to the account of Mileva. This was the unusual and the only decision in the legal history of the world when court thought that this man could get the noble prize in near future. And this happened in 1921 when Einstein got the Noble Prize in Physics. Einstein transferred the amount of prize to Mileva’s account as per decree. Surprisingly this noble prize was not given to him for his revolutionary theory of relativity but for his work on photoelectric effect. Later he married Elsa who was his cousin and was a widow.
Newton brought the revolution in science by giving the laws of motions, law of gravitation, laws of optics in a span of one and a half year but Einstein changed the face of Physics altogether in a shorter span of one year. He breathed his lost on 18th April, 1955 in American where he had acquired citizenship.
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