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| Bharat Ratana Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar | | (Respectfully remembering Dr Ambedkar on his 120th Birthday falling on 14 th April 2011) | | Bharat Ratana Baba Saheb Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on 14 th April 1891 at Mhow to revered Subedar Major Ramji Sakhpal & Mata Bhimabai of Mahar Community. It is said that Mahars were the rulers of Marashtra ( Mahar + Rashtra ) but because of Hindu agony & caste based values, they were reduced to the level of Untouchables,Sudras, Ati sudra, whose only shadow was considered enough to pollute an upper caste Hindu. Ambedkar worked over 18 hours a day & at times sky was his roof & the earth his floor, so due to handwork of duo father & son. Bhimrao was married to Ramabai at the tender age of 17 years when his wife was only of 9 years. Mata Rababai stood like a rock by her Saheb in the later life till her death on May 27, 1935. Bhimrao earned world’s Highest academic Degrees of D.sc ( London ); PhD & LL.D (Columbia ); M.A ; D. Lit ( Osmania ) Bar –at- Law (London ) . Dr Ambedkar knew seven languages. Dr Ambedkar also served on highly prestigious positions as Labour member of Viceroy’s Executive Council (1942-46 ) ; First Law Minister Of Independent India & earned the distinction of selection as Chairman Of the Constitution Drafting Committee to draft Constitution for free India & is so called “ father Of Indian constitution.” Some called him as “Mother Of Ingdian Constitution” He knew seven Languages. He proved an emancipator for Dalits, a torch bearer for the liberation of slaves’ world over & an insurmountable rock for his opponents. He contributed for the freedom of India, but more for the Dalits, who were slaves to the slaves of British India. He was highly praised by those who understood his odious cause for the liberation of his Dalit community persons, but also abused as traitor by those who never appreciated his mission of life & wanted to maintain status-quo in social, political, economic & religious spheres even after independence. Many peoples from different shades of life have expressed their views on the working, personality, handwork, knowledge, experience, contributions, commitment to his mission of Dr Ambedkar to eulogized Doctor’s services to different fields. Dr. Ambedkar passed away in his sleep in 26 Alipore road New Delhi on 6th of December 1956 and was cremated at Dadar Hindu Crematorium Bombay). Babu Jagjivan Ram arranged air lifting of his mortal remains to Bombay( now Mumbai). Over five lac devotees witnessed the last rites and over one lac embraced Buddhism. The pyre was lit by his only son Yashwantrao at 7.30 pm. AliPur Road Delhi has now been converted to National Museum of Bharat Rattan Baba Sahib Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar.
One of the major contributions of Dr. Ambedkar was to give fight to change the age old system of the Hindus to deny major chunk of their co- followers called the untouchables or Dalits, the right to have better prospects in the education social, economical, religious & political fields. By dint of his hard labour Dr. Ambedkar proved that given proper helping circumstances any body can excel in all fields including education irrespective of one’s caste, creed, religion, faith , sex or place of birth.. It was the partial treatment in the Hindu society which resulted in giving poverty to the Dalits and administrative rod to the Upper Caste. SO all right to Dalits were denied as to have equal opportunities for education, religion , economical & social status in the society. He advised the society to encourage girl education & family planning to boost all out progress of the society. He introduced in the Parliament on 5th February 1951 The Hindu Code bill, which was opposed by many including the Hindu Mahasabha & other orthodox Hindus. Dr Ambedkar was for all round progress of the women folk. While addressing largely attended Depressed Classes Women conference on 18-/9 July 1942, he said, “He measured the progress of a community by the degree of progress made by the women of that community. He advised, let every girl who marries, stand by her husband, claim to be her husband’s friend and equal and refuse to be his slave. He advocated avoiding early marriage and producing too many children. Give proper education to your children, so that they live a dignified life”. Dr Ambedkar advocated for equal wages for equal work without discrimination on the basis of sex or caste, besides grant of paid maternity leave to expecting mothers. While strongly supporting proposed maternity benefits to women in Bombay Legislative Council in 1928 he said “---- it is in the interest of the Nation that the mother ought to get a certain amount of rest during the pre-natal period and also subsequently”
As Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee Dr, Ambedkar granted equal fundamental rights, including equal wages for equal work, equality before Law to all citizen irrespective of caste, creed, race, sex, religion or place of birth. His single handed efforts routed out by law the stigma of untouchability in the Hindu religion, although it is yet clinging the orthodox Hindus in a big way even after five decades of enactment of Law to ban it in all its forms.. He brought back Buddha to India when he embraced Buddhism on 14 th October 1956 along with over three lacs of men & women. Dr. Ambedkar lived for 22 days after conversion to Buddhism and during this small period over Five Lacs Dalits got converted to their original faith.
Keeping in view Dr. Ambedkar services for the betterment of his country& his peoples. His services has been praised . Views of a few known personalities of National & International fame are reproduced here uhder; -
R. A. Seligman, Dr. Ambedkar‘s teacher while on commenting The thesis “Evolution of Provincial Finances in British India,” which earned PhD to Ambedkar remarked “Nowhere to my knowledge, has such a detailed study of the underlying principles been made.”
His Highness, Chhaterpati Sahuji Maharaj of Kohlapur State, Remarked, while addressing the conference of untouchables, Presided over by Dr, Ambedkar on 21 st March, 1920 “you have found your savior in Ambedkar. I am confident he will break your sickles. Not only that, a time will come when, so whispers my conscience, Ambedkar will shine as a front rank leader of all India fame & appeal,”
His highness Gakward, the Maharaja of Bikaner-------- (Who granted scholarship for Ambedkar’s education in USA ) after listening Dr. Ambedkar’s speech in Ist Round Table Conference said to his queen “Their efforts & money they had spent on the speaker of the day ( Ambedkar ) were all realized. It was an achievement, a glorious success The Maharaja was full of admiration, satisfaction and high appreciations with tears of joy in his eyes for Dr. Ambedkar.The Maharaja hosted a special dinner to Honour Dr Ambedkar in which many high personalities including Maharaja Hari Singh( J&K) participated.
Mahatama Gandhi in a speech (Out side II R Table Conference) said “I have the highest regards for Dr. Ambedkar. he has every right to be bitter. That he does not break our heads is an act of self- restraint on his part. He is today so much saturated with suspicion that he can not see anything else. He sees in every Hindu a determined opponent of the Untouchables and it is quite natural. The same thing happened to my in my early days in South Africa ….. It is quite natural for him to vent his wrath …..”
U. Nu. The Primer of Burma said “Dr. Ambedkar was without dispute one of the illustrious figures that played a historic part in the annals of the great country India, at a time when changing trends and Conditions were making significant impression on the life & social structure of the nation. He was one of those who helped accelerated process of the social change in the country, a process in the case of which hundreds of thousands, even millions had been enabled to look forward to a better life and a happier life.”
Veer Savarkas said “India has lost in Dr. Ambedkar a true great man.” Dr Rajindra Prasad the President of India said “Ambedkar was the Architect of our Constitution and his services in various capacities, particularly for the upliftment of the Depressed Classes, could not be exaggerated.”
C. Rajagopalachari while describing personality of Dr Ambedkar said “- ... -Ambedkar was a thoroughly upright person and a man with keen jurist sense, a proud and irreconcilable heart, a great learning and when approached in the right spirit, a full of friendliness. Such a one has found peace after life’s fit full work.”
Shri T.T. Krishanamachari, a colleague of his in the Drafting Committee said “The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had reigned from the House and was never replaced One had died & wasn’t replaced. One was away in America & his place was not filled up, and another person was engaged in state affairs, & there was a void to that extent. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of health did not permit them to attend. So it happened ultimately that the burden of drafting this Constitution fell upon Dr. Ambedkar and I have no doubt that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task in a manner which is undoubtedly commendable.”
Shri K. R. Narayanan former President of India said “Dr. Ambedkar had faith in the Constitution that he helped to fashion for India. His visualized democracy as the Golden Means.”
Sri Sharad Pawar Former chief Minister of Maharastra, now Union Minister said” Dr. Ambedkar and Constitution have become synonymous.”
In the end I may quote from the saying of Baba Saheb Ambedkar’s views on Economic Progress and a word of guidance / warning to his community & countrymen:-
The good things of this earth do not fall from heaven. Every progress has it bill of costs and only those who pay for it will have that progress
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