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| Promotion of Commercial Poultry Farming in J&K | | | Vinod Chandrashekhar DixitDr. Banarsi Lal and Dr. Vikas Tandon | 11/6/2018 9:36:22 PM |
| Poultry industry plays
a significant role in the
Indian economy. Poultry eggs and meat are rich sources of protein, vitamins and minerals. Poultry sector is an important source of income and employment for millions of people across the globe. Chicken is the most widely accepted meat. Many Indians have begun to accept eggs as a regular supplemental part of their diet. From the last three to four decades, poultry has made tremendous strides in India. Poultry farming has been practiced in India since the prehistoric times. Organized poultry farming as a commercial activity was introduced in early 1960. The Indian poultry industry success story is uniquely exceptional. From the backyard poultry venture, it has made a quantum leap to emerge as a dynamic industry. During seventies and eighties there was a spurt in egg production and the acceleration in broiler production. The present decade promises to exploit value added poultry products and global trade avenue. Poultry meat and egg are preferred across the globe due to numerous reasons. The trend has been more noticeable in developing countries like India and this is not discouraged by any religious taboos. The consumption of poultry meat and eggs is much lower in developing countries as compared to developed countries.
India is the third -largest producer of eggs after China and the USA and fourth- largest producer of chicken producer in the world after China, Brazil and the USA. Poultry sector in India has been growing at a much faster rate than many other sectors of the Indian economy and accounts for more than 100 billion rupees to the Gross National Product. Despite such remarkable growth in last few decades, annual per capita consumption of egg and poultry meat in India is disappointingly low. These levels are too low as compared to the world average. The low per capita consumption of eggs and poultry meat has been mostly attributed to lower purchasing power. Poultry farming has become a remunerative business and pre- eminence over all other livestock enterprises in India. Poultry farming has an immense potential for a quick and large profit. The growing popularity of the poultry industry is a worldwide phenomenon. People are keeping, processing, and consuming poultry in one way or the other across the globe. It is the only type of meat which has been accepted all over the world throughout the ages. It is becoming a popular professional in the developing nations due to its relative simplicity. The entire scenario of backyard poultry farming has been transferred into full-fledged agro based self sufficient industry. Poultry farming is one of the fastest growing sectors among all the agricultural sectors in India. Broiler production in 2016 was around 42 million tons which is around 8 per cent more than 2015.Every year the demand for the processed chicken meat is increasing at the rate of 15 to 20 per cent. In 2016 the egg production was around 80 billion which is 5 per cent more than 2015.It has been observed that the production of agricultural crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 per cent per annum, eggs and broilers have been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 per cent per annum. The four southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu - account for about 45 per cent of the country's egg production. The eastern and central regions of India account for about 20 per cent of egg production.
Jammu and Kashmir annually consumes a more than 51,000 tonnes of mutton worth Rs.12.06 billion, of which about 21,000 tonnes is imported from outside. In J&K there is 69 per cent shortfall in poultry meat production and 97 per cent shortfall in poultry egg production. This gap of production and need is fulfilled by the purchase of large quantity of eggs and poultry meat from outside thus draining the state exchequer. According to a recent report J&K state import bill for meat, poultry and eggs is approximately Rs.2,000 crore per annum. It has been observed that about 84 per cent of the state's is predominantly non-vegetarian. The last decade has witnessed remarkable growth in the poultry sector in J&K. Poultry farming has come up in a commercial scale in Jammu, Kathua, Udhampur, Reasi, Pulwama, Srinagar and Budgam districts. Large numbers of unemployed youths are taking up poultry farming as an enterprise. It has been estimated that every year, Kashmir imports around 5.5 crore chickens from our neighbouring states Haryana and Punjab. It is estimated that poultry traders in Punjab supply over half a million eggs and 40,000 to 50,000 chickens per day to mitigate the poultry in J&K. These supplies cost around 50 million rupees per day. Several measures can be taken to discourage the imports and to encourage the poultry production in the state so as to achieve self-sufficiency in poultry production in the state. Kashmir is the biggest mutton consumer in India. Estimates put the quantum of annual imports of mutton, milk and poultry to Rs 16000 crore. J&K state has more than 33.50 lakh laying birds, of which 90.36 per cent are in Kashmir and only 9.63 per cent belong to improved category. Layer population experienced 60 per cent growth over the last four years. Broiler production has also sky rocketed at an annual growth rate of about 15 percent. Poultry sector in the state contributes around 510 million eggs and 438 lakhs kg meat. Still state is deficit in both egg and meat production. Poultry farmers of Jammu are in great danger as big market players have taken over whole market industry of region. Contract poultry farming is also carried out by some owners who are not from J&K. It is difficult for the small local farmers to compete with these big market players.
In J&K poultry farming is emerging an important enterprise and is assisting to create income and employment for the rural youths of the state. There are numerous examples of successful poultry entrepreneurs in the state. Government is offering the various incentives to motivate the aspiring poultry farmers of the state. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) of the state are imparting training programmes on advance poultry farming in the state and are creating interest on poultry farming in the state. There is need to develop the model poultry villages in the state as 'Seeing in Believing' plays a crucial to increase the rate of adoption of new technologies in this sector . KVK, Reasi has introduced black meat poultry variety namely Kadaknath in the district which is very low in cholesterol (0.73%-1.05%), rich in proteins (25%), vitamins and helpful for the asthmatic and nephritis patients. The meat and eggs of this poultry variety are costly and can help to raise the socio-economic status of the farmers.KVK has also introduced high egg laying birds such as Vanraja and Chabrown in Reasi district. The Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) laid by KVK, Reasi on Kadaknath, Vanraja and Chabrown have significant impact on the income of the farmers. Cluster farming in rural areas is possible with these chicken for enhancing the meat production in the state in which of group of 8 to 10 farmers or educated youth can form a cluster and grow the birds in groups of 500 to 1,000 birds in low cost houses as "organic chicken" by making their own low-cost organic feeds without chemicals and antibiotics. The objective of commercial poultry farming is to encourage poultry farming activity and to provide income and employment opportunities for the rural youths. Poultry industry needs good branding system in order to increase the consumption of chicken. Also, the collection of reliable, updated statistics is necessary for immediate and long term planning for the poultry industry. New approaches and technologies should be adopted to transform the unorganized poultry system into a successful venture. |
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