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| Pakistan’s role in supporting terrorism is undeniable | | | Ankush Verma
Pakistan since the beginning remained in perpetual crisis. It is facing high levels of corruption and popular dissatisfaction with democracy. Along with this Pakistan has also been known for its continuous support and shelter to terrorism. It promotes terrorist activities not only in India but also in Afghanistan. There are several militant groups operating in Pakistan which are sponsored by Pakistani government and the agencies. Amir Rana, Director of Pakistan Institute of Peace Studies, in his authored book -A-Z of Jihadi Organisations in Pakistan describes that it typically takes 18 months for a Mujahideen to become fully functional. Before a mujahid is deployed, he has to go through six stages of jihad training.
The first stage is known as Tasis, this period lasts one month during which religious and sectarian fervour is instilled in the trainee. The second stage is Al Ra’ad, during the 3 months tenure of this stage a trainee is given introduction to military training along with indoctrination. Some groups also test the physical and mental health to make sure the recruits are fit for a life of jihad. Next is the stage of guerrilla training for six months.
After the completion of the third stage a Mujahideen can go into the field. If any Mujahideen needs further training he is sent to Doshka which is the fourth stage for ten days where they learn to use handheld weapons. Jandala phase is the next part of the fourth stage which lasts up to nine months is the most difficult phase where a mujahid learns to use automatic weapons and to craft explosives. Not all the militant groups have resources to conduct Jandala training. It is mostly conducted by Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen. In the final two stages, only the leadership of Jihadi group engages. Domela training teaches the handling of shoulder-fired weapons. Zakazak is the final stage where a rare form of training is given and not many groups have access and resources to this training. It involves familiarisation with heavy weaponry tanks and canons. There are many terrorist groups which correspond to these characteristics.
Al Qaeda (Pakistan) based in Pakistan operates through the networks of Pakistani terrorist groups who have strong ties with Deobandi groups like Pakistani Taliban, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi and Lashkar-e-Taiba. Al Qaeda has attacked many countries including America and Afganistan where they have used Improvised Explosive Devices, Suicide IEDs, Rocket propelled Grenade, rockets and mortars.
The Taliban emerged after 9/11 in Pakistan’s Federally Administrative Tribal Area and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It has waged a war against NATO forces in Afghanistan and has also contributed to the insurgency in Kashmir. There are several groups based in Pakistan which targets Kashmir i.e. Jamaat-e-Islami, Hizbul Mujahideen, Jaish-e-Mohammad and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Jamaat-e-Islamic is basically an Islamic Political Party founded by Maulana Abdul Ala Maududi in 1941 in Lahore. But it has also been linked to militancy. It carried its Jihadi activities in Kashmir with the support of ISI. In order to make a distance from the direct militant activities, it established groups which are dedicated only to Jihad. The most prominent of which is, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM). HM was formed to start a campaign to Unite Kashmir with Pakistan and also the establishment of the Caliphate. It is headquartered in Muzaffarabad area of POK. It has carried many militant attacks in Kashmir with targets on Indian Security Forces and politicians in Kashmir. It has been working alongside Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). LeT is the most notorious terrorist group based in Pakistan with several thousand Pakistani members. It initiated terror activities in Kashmir in 1990s. It is the largest militant network in Pakistan with 2200 offices nationwide and around two dozen camps to launch fighters across the LoC into India. It was Lashkar-e-Taiba which attacked in Mumbai in November 2008. LeT receives money from the Pakistani diaspora in the Gulf and England. It also receives monetary assistance from Muslim NGOs and businessmen from Pakistan. It along with Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) carried out an attack on Indian Parliament in December 2001.
Jaish-e-Mohammad was formed by Maulana Masood Azhar with an objective to refresh Jihad to unite Kashmir with Pakistan. They carried out the attack on J&K Legislative Assembly in 2001 where 31 people were killed. Most recently, the organisation had carried out a Fidayeen attack on Central Reserve Police Forces (CRPF) on 14th February 2019 in Pulwama in which 40 CRPF personnel were martyred. It has been reported that its founder Masood Azhar receives heavy funding from ISI, the Taliban and Sunni groups in Pakistan.
Pakistan also sponsors and shelters Harkat-ul-Mujahideen which has carried several attacks in Kashmir. It is primarily based in Muzaffarabad, Rawalpindi and Pakistan. It receives donations from local Pakistanis, wealthy patrons in the Gulf states. Other deadly militant organisations like Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP) also operate from Pakistan. This group is a part of larger militant group known as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) which is specialised in Improvised Explosive Device (IEDs), suicide attacks, mass casualty bombings, mortars, rockets, assassinations, kidnappings, executions, raids, assaults and Internet operations. SSP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi have close ties with Taliban. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is the radical militant offshoot of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan. It receives funding from the wealthy Sunni in Karachi, Pakistan. There is one Umberalla organisation of 13 jihadi outfits formed by Pakistan known as United Jihad Council (UJC) which includes Hizbul Mujahideen (HM), Harkat-ul-Ansar, Tehrik-e-Jihad, Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen, Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen, Al Jihad, Al Umar Mujahideen, Jammu Kashmir Islamic Front, Muslim Janbaaz Force, Hizbullah, Al Fatah, Hizb-ul-Momineen, LeT, JeM and Al Badr Mujahideen. Its prime objective is to escalate jihad activities in Kashmir with an ambition to incorporate it in Pakistan. It receives support from official state machinery of Pakistan and is headquartered in Muzaffarabad, POK. Not only this, but Pakistan’s Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) has also been involved in running a number of military intelligence programs in India. It is alleged that it has been involved in militant attacks in Mumbai, Pathankot and Uri.
Pakistan’s role in supporting terrorist organisations and also speeding terrorism in India and other countries is undeniable. Not only these militant groups have their primary bases in Pakistan but also, they receive explicit and implicit support and assistance from the agencies well established within Pakistan’s security establishment. It substantiates that Pakistan is a manufacturing industry of terrorism. |
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