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Gender differential exists both in rural, urban JK | Towards universal literacy | | Sandeep Bhat.
Jammu, July 26: Literacy is at the heart of basic education for all. Basic literacy is essential for eradicating poverty, reducing child morality, curbing population growth, achieving gender equality and ensuring sustainable development, peace and democracy. Universal literacy also has special significance for those who have been historically deprived of access to education. In fact education is a lifelong learning perspective not only to enhance reading and writing capabilities, but also to impart a comprehensive set of life skills that enables people to access all development resources. As per the data available with the early times and ESI, the literacy rate at the time of independence in the state of Jammu and Kashmir was only five percent. Census 1961 put the literacy rate at 11.03% which increased to 18.58% during 1971 census In 1981,the literacy rate was recorded at 26.67% and the projection was made 45% in 1991.During the decade 2001-2011 literacy rate increased from 55.50% to 68.74% in the state against 64.84% to 74.04% at the national level. Gender differential exist both in rural and urban areas, but it is high in rural areas. This can be attributes to a number of factors like social dogmas, engagement of girl child in agricultural and other domestic activity. At the national level, the gender gap in literacy decreased drastically from 25.06% in 1961 to 21.59% and then to 16.68% in 2011. Contrary to this the gender gap in literacy increased in the state from 12.71% in 1961 to 23.60% in 2001.but due to many efforts like national level program for girls, free text books, community mobilization, established women ITI and focus on adult female illiterates and reservations for females have helped a lot in bridging the gender gap in literacy. There is still lot of differential gap both in urban and rural and many more steps are needed to be taken in right direction. |
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